The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to take a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.